Sandbox

A sandbox restricts the environment in which code or a tool runs. Depending on its design, it can limit files, network access, privileges, or resource use. The name alone says little about the actual restrictions.

Isolation does not make an action correct

A lookup tool inside a sandbox can still disclose records if its credential permits reading every tenant. The runtime may be isolated while application authorization is missing.

Define both what the tool may reach and what each caller may request. Keep unnecessary credentials and routes out of the environment.

Test the configured boundary

Container runtimes show how each kind of restriction is configured in one common implementation. The OWASP Docker Security Cheat Sheet describes a read-only container filesystem, resource limits on memory, CPU, file descriptors, and processes, custom networks that control which containers can communicate, and seccomp, AppArmor, or SELinux profiles for runtime security. It also notes that certain misconfigurations can reduce security or introduce new vulnerabilities. A container is only one kind of sandbox, so those settings do not describe every sandbox.

As a verification suggestion, check denied file access, prohibited network destinations, and resource limits using a controlled environment. Verify allowed work still succeeds. Sandboxes have implementation and configuration limits, so combine isolation with narrow tools, authorization, and output handling rather than treating it as a complete security guarantee.

References

• OWASP: Excessive Agency
• OWASP: Docker Security Cheat Sheet