Control Effectiveness
Correct implementation, substantive operation, and desired outcomes need different evidence. Counts and completion markers alone do not settle effectiveness.
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Continuous Control Monitoring
A periodic check can miss a transient violation. Monitoring needs evidence of coverage and collection health, with actionable responses to real failures.
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Audit Evidence
Screenshots, logs, interviews, and tests can each contribute evidence. Their value depends on the claim, provenance, scope, and reliability.
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Separation of Duties
Separation depends on conflicting powers and protected enforcement. Examine who can authorize a change, alter its checks, or bypass them.