A series of automated data processing steps that move and transform data from source systems to target destinations such as data warehouses, data lakes, or analytics platforms. Data pipelines may include data ingestion, validation, cleaning, transformation, enrichment, and loading. They are critical for real-time analytics, reporting, machine learning, and data-driven applications. Tools like Apache Airflow, Apache Beam, AWS Glue, and Azure Data Factory are commonly used to design and manage pipelines.