Two-Phase Commit
A prepared transaction keeps its locks until it is told the answer. A recovered coordinator replays its decision; until then the rows stay held.
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Compensating Transaction
Cancel the reservation, do not put the number back. Between the booking and the cancellation, other people booked too.
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Saga
A saga exposes intermediate results. Compensation and forward recovery need explicit policies, and affected observers may need separate corrections.
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Enterprise Integration and Consistency
The message was delivered and the order was never shipped. Both statements can be true at once, and only one of them is what the business asked for.
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Commit Wait
Spanner waits until TrueTime establishes that the commit timestamp is in the past. Clock uncertainty and concurrent commit work determine the extra delay.
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TrueTime
TrueTime returns an interval, not an instant — turning clock uncertainty into a bounded number a system can reason about rather than assume away.